# Electromagnetic Particle In Cell (emPtclInCell.sdf)

Keywords:

electromagnetics, particle in cell, sheath

## Problem description

A dipole antenna launches a wave from a point that is midway in x and y. The simulation is periodic in y and open in x. The electromagnetic field and plasma respond self consistently to the antenna current.

This simulation can be performed with a VSimBase license.

## Opening the Simulation

The Electromagnetic Particle In Cell example is accessed from within VSimComposer by the following actions:

• In the resulting Examples window expand the VSim for Basic Physics option.
• Expand the Basic Examples option.
• Select “Electromagnetic Particle In Cell” and press the Choose button.
• In the resulting dialog, create a New Folder if desired, and press the Save button to create a copy of this example.

All of the properties and values that create the simulation are now available in the Setup Window as shown in Fig. 135. You can expand the tree elements and navigate through the various properties, making any changes you desire. The right pane shows a 3D view of the geometry, if any, as well as the grid, if actively shown. To show or hide the grid, expand the Grid element and select or deselect the box next to Grid.

Fig. 135 Setup Window for Electromagnetic Particle in Cell.

## Simulation Properties

This simulation includes several constants for easy adjustment of simulation properties including:

• N_X, N_Y: The number of cells in each direction
• LEN_X, LEN_Y: The length of the domain in each direction
• PPC: The number of macroparticles per cell
• FREQUENCY: The frequency of the dipole antenna

The Parameters element contains several parameters useful for calculating basic plasma physics properties such as the plasma frequency and Debye length.

There are 2 SpaceTimeFunctions that are used later in the setup to describe the thermal velocity of the electrons and the antenna current profile.

The simulation has open boundary conditions in x, and periodic in y.

## Running the Simulation

After performing the above actions, continue as follows:

• Proceed to the Run Window by pressing the Run button in the left column of buttons.
• To run the file, click on the Run button in the upper left corner of the Logs and Output Files pane. You will see the output of the run in the right pane. The run has completed when you see the output, “Engine completed successfully.” This is shown in Fig. 136.

Fig. 136 The Run Window at the end of execution of Electromagnetic Particle in Cell.

## Visualizing the Results

After performing the above actions, continue as follows:

• Proceed to the Visualize Window by pressing the Visualize button in the left column of buttons.

To view the electric field and particles as shown in Fig. 137, do the following:

• Expand Particle Data
• Expand electrons0
• Select electrons0
• Expand Scalar Data
• Expand E
• Select E_z

Initially the field is at zero and particles are evenly distributed throughout the simulation. Move the dump slider forward in time to view the results.

Fig. 137 Visualize Window with electric field and particles

## Further Experiments

Vary the antenna amplitude, to find out how low it can be before the signal is swamped by the plasma noise.

Add in a magnetic field in the plane.