Dielectric Wall Wakefield Acceleration (dielectricwallaccelerationt.pre)

Keywords:

electron driven, plasma wakefield, CLARA, PARS, AWAKE

Problem description

An alternative to a full particle in cell approach for accelerator computations is to use a prescribed beam, that is to set the J field directly without using a vector deposition of the current associated with the charge. This is demonstrated in this example which computes the wakefields in a dielectric lined waveguide. The electron beam initializes the field using a custom python technique, which can be adapted for cases where the Poisson solve might not be appropriate (due to memory limitations for example) then the fields (and effective) particles are evolved using FDTD. We launch the electron beam from x=0 in the positive x direction. The primary bunch generates a region of high field into which one might inject and accelerate a second bunch of charged particles. This simulation broadly follows the approach reported on in [MPSC11]

Opening the Simulation

The Dielectric Wall Wakefield Acceleration example is accessed from within VSimComposer by the following actions:

  • Select the New → From Example… menu item in the File menu.

  • In the resulting Examples window expand the VSim for Plasma Acceleration option.

  • Expand the Beam Driven Acceleration (text-based setup) option.

  • Select Dielectric Wall Wakefield Acceleration (text-based setup) and press the Choose button.

  • In the resulting dialog, create a New Folder if desired, and press the Save button to create a copy of this example.

The basic variables of this problem should now be alterable via the text boxes in the left pane of the Setup Window, as shown in Fig. 488.

image 1

Fig. 488 Setup Window for the Dielectric Wall Wakefield Acceleration example.

Input File Features

The simulation setup consists of an electromagnetic solver using the Yee algorithm and takes advantage of a prescribed current source to avoid computationally intensive particle pushes. The ‘top’ and ‘bottom’ y extents of the simulation are metal, and we see the behavior in a dielectric lined waveguide, using a first order accurate dielectric algorithm for the walls.

  • BP is the beampipe half-width

  • AP is the dielectric aperture half-width

  • DIELECTRIC_EPSILON allows the user to experiment with different materials

  • LX sets the length of the structure and simulation

  • Gamma sets the relativistic velocity of the beam to be used.

Inside the .pre file, which you can reach by pressing View Input File, there are various other settings for modeling this with a laser drive, or with PIC particles.

Running the Simulations

After performing the above actions, continue as follows:

  • Proceed to the run window by pressing the Run button in the left column of buttons.

  • Check that you are using these run parameters:

    • Time Step: 1.533047112173193e-14

    • Number of Steps: 12500

    • Dump Periodicity: 250

    • Dump at Time Zero: Checked

  • Click on the Run button in the upper left corner of the right pane.

You will see the output of the run in the right pane. The run has completed when you see the output, “Engine completed successfully”. This result is shown in Fig. 489.

Running in 2D, you can expect a 2 core laptop to take a few tens of minutes at the default resolution and run time.

Run Window

Fig. 489 The Run Window.

Visualizing the Output

After performing the above actions, continue as follows:

  • Proceed to the Visualize Window by pressing the Visualize tab in the left column of buttons.

View the electric field generated by the plasma as shown in Fig. 490 by doing the following:

  • Switch to Field Analysis in the Data View Controls pane

  • Set the Field to E_x

  • Choose the Horizontal tab in Lineout Settings set the intercept to zero, and click Perform Lineout

  • Below Perform Lineout in the Layout: drop down menu, Select stacked 2d/1d view.

  • Check the Auto Reset buttons on both the 2d and the Lineout plots. Sometimes it is necessary to expand the plot size in order for the box to appear. You can do this by pulling the divider between “Visualization Controls” and “Visualization Results” to the left and hiding it. Both the 2d and the Lineout plots should be larger now.

  • Move the dump slider forward in time.

image 3

Fig. 490 Visualization of the longitudinal electric field as a color contour plot and longitudinal lineout.

Further experiments

There are two bunch shapes provided to start with, you can look at the effect of harmonics in the bunch in the longitudinal field output. There is also a commented block of code that can be switched in that shifts the dielectric into the domain a little, so one can see the process of the electrons beam forming the pattern.

Also, one may add a species propagating from the left hand side to witness the wake, and observe the behavior of particles in or out of phase with the wake.